Need to Know

Articles in Need to Know

Explore structured fragrance knowledge by category. Select a section and the articles open below, on this same page.

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Scent Fundamentals

Build a strong foundation before evaluating performance, value, or brand category.

Top, Heart, and Base Notes

A Fragrance Is a Journey

Most fragrances evolve in stages instead of smelling the same from start to finish.

Top notes are the first impression and are usually bright and short-lived.

Heart notes define the central character once the opening fades.

Base notes provide depth and often shape the long-term skin scent.

Understanding Concentration Levels

EDT, EDP, and Parfum in Context

Myth: Higher concentration always means stronger performance. Reality: Formula architecture matters more than the label.

Concentration indicates the approximate amount of aromatic material dissolved in alcohol, but it is not a standalone performance guarantee.

Formula design, ingredient quality, skin chemistry, and climate can change performance more than concentration labels alone.

Some EDTs outperform many Parfums depending on composition.

  • Eau Fraiche: 1-3%
  • Eau de Cologne (EDC): 2-5%
  • Eau de Toilette (EDT): 5-15%
  • Eau de Parfum (EDP): 15-20%
  • Parfum / Extrait: 20-40%

What Is an Accord?

The Building Blocks of Composition

An accord is a blend of materials that creates a recognizable scent impression, like leather, amber, tobacco, or marine air.

Many accords are compositional illusions and do not exist as single natural materials.

Understanding accords helps explain why note pyramids and smell perception do not always match literally.

Natural vs Synthetic Ingredients

Both Are Essential in Modern Perfumery

Natural materials can contribute richness and texture, while synthetics improve consistency, stability, and creative range.

Most high-quality fragrances combine both approaches.

Quality is determined by formula creativity and balance, not by a simple natural-versus-synthetic ratio.